数字贸易协议:美国重拾亚太领导力的新思路
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
【摘要】拜登上台伊始,有关美国是否会重新加入CPTPP的讨论不绝于耳,各界对美国重返亚太的具体政策路径充满了想象。到今天,拜登的政策路线图愈加清晰明朗,智库与政界在这一问题上不谋而合,即拜登政府不会冒着激化国内矛盾的风险重回CPTPP,相反达成一项涵盖亚太主要国家的数字贸易协议或是最佳替代选项。美国正在重新找回在全球数字经济治理规则中的领导地位,而亚太地区极有可能是拜登实现整个数字贸易政策图景的第一笔,也许会是最浓墨重彩的一笔。
一、引言:
重拾数字贸易领导力的美国决心
二、数字贸易协议的主要目标:
回归亚太,凸显数字硬核实力?
三、协议达成的现实基础
与可能的挑战
四、国内法案与区域协定:
美国数字协议遵循的基本原则
五、结语
1. “Biden Faces Hard Sell in Asia for Anti-China Digital Trade Pact,” BNN Bloomberg, July 15, 2021, https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/biden-faces-hard-sell-in-asia-for-anti-china-digital-trade-pact-1.1629257.
2. “Biden Team Weighs Digital Trade Deal to Counter China in Asia,” Bloomberg,July 20, 2021, https://www.bloombergquint.com/china/biden-team-weighs-digital-trade-deal-to-counter-china-in-asia.
3. “Fact Sheet on the 2020 National Trade Estimate: Strong, Binding Rules to Advance Digital Trade,” USTR, https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/fact-sheets/2020/march/fact-sheet-2020-national-trade-estimate-strong-binding-rules-advance-digital-trade.
4. “Joe Biden’s digital trade deal could see US rejoin Asia-Pacific pact ditched by Donald Trump,” SCMP, July 13, 2021, https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3142176/joe-bidens-digital-trade-deal-could-see-us-rejoin-asia.
5. “US anti-China digital trade deal seen as ‘dead in the water’ for Joe Biden in Asia,” SCMP, July 16, 2021, https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3141252/us-anti-china-digital-trade-deal-seen-dead-water-joe-biden.
6. Bob Davis, “U.S.-Asia Digital Pact Held Up by Squabble Among Biden Officials,” The Wall Street Journal, July 20, 2021, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-asia-digital-pact-held-up-by-squabble-among-biden-officials-11626781120.
7. Daniel F. Runde & Sundar R. Ramanujam, “Digital Governance: It Is Time for the United States to Lead Again,” CSIS, August 2, 2021, https://www.csis.org/analysis/digital-governance-it-time-united-states-lead-again.
8. Matthew P. Goodman, “Advancing Data Governance in the G7,” CSIS, February 2, 2021, https://www.csis.org/analysis/advancing-data-governance-g7.
9. Matthew P. Goodman, “DEPA and the Path Back to TPP,” CSIS,July 15, 2021, https://www.csis.org/analysis/depa-and-path-back-tpp.
10. Matthew P. Goodman, “Governing Data in the Asia-Pacific,” CSIS, April 21, 2021, https://www.csis.org/analysis/governing-data-asia-pacific.
11. Sale Lilly and Scott W. Harold, “Cryptocurrency should be added to the US-Japan trade deal,” Nikkei Asia, https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/Cryptocurrency-should-be-added-to-the-US-Japan-trade-deal.
12. Robert Holleyman, “Data Governance and Trade:The Asia-Pacific Leads the Way,” NBR, January 9, 2021, https://www.nbr.org/publication/data-governance-and-trade-the-asia-pacific-leads-the-way/.
13. Hiroyuki Nishimura, "US-led Digital Trade Proposal Heats Up New Friction with China," Nikkei Asia, August 5, 2021.
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